Researchers at Aston University School of Optometry have called for more advice to be given to young people about preventing dry eye disease. A study carried out in conjunction with Norwegian partners Oslo University Hospital and Sørlandet Hospital Trust, found that 90% of participants already had at least one sign of the condition.
Dry eye disease occurs when the eyes do not make enough tears, or make poor-quality tears without sufficient oil levels. This leads to poor tear film stability and evaporation. Sufferers may have gritty sensations, itching or stinging, redness, sensitivity to light and blurry vision. There are several risk factors for dry eye disease, including stress and wearing contact lenses. It is also more prevalent in females. In the 18-25 age group, a major risk factor though is screen use.
The team followed fifty 18 to 25 year olds, assessing them at the outset and following them up after one year. Initially, 56% were assessed to have dry eye disease. Around half the participants had lost up to 25% of their meibomian (oil-producing) glands. After 12 months, the researchers observed significant disease progression. A correlation was noticed between dry eye symptoms and the number of hours per day of screen use; the mean for the study cohort was 8 hours per day.
The researchers conclude that dry eye disease and its progression in the young adults in their study shows the need for early detection of potential signs, and the identification of those who may go on to develop dry eye disease. These individuals can then be advised on managing the condition.
(A prospective, longitudinal study to assess progression of ocular surface signs, tear cytokines and protein profiles in young adults. ScienceDirect, July 2025.)